Routing information Protocol (RIP)

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Welcome to our website weindians.in and today we are going to discuss about network RIP Protocol (Routing information Protocol)

1. RIP is a dynamic routing Protocol
2. RiIP is a distance vector routing protocol

Distance: How far away the distance is from the source means it keep record of the hop count.

Vector: Which directions, in routing word we are about which interface and the IP-address of the next router it send it to.

Distance vector routing is also referred as ROUTING BY RUMOUR.

• RIP is application layer protocol and it uses UDP PORT No – 520
• RIP uses concept of update to share their routing table to the neighboring routers and these updates are periodic in nature.
• RIP versions:
• RIPV1: send update on broadcast address i.e 255.255.255.255
• RIPV2: send updates on multicast address i.e 224.0.0.9
• RIPng: RIP next generation.
• RIP is a classless routing protocol by default means RIP don’t carry subnet mask with their routing updates.
• RIP supports maximum15 hop counts.
• AD value of RIP = 120.
• Metric in RIP = hop Count.
• RIP uses the bellman-Ford Distance Vector algorithm to determine the best “path” to a particular destination.

RIP Timers:

1. Update : 30 seconds
2. Invalid Timer: 180 Seconds
3. Hold-Down Timer: 180 Seconds
4. Flush Timer: 240 seconds

RIP Loop Avoidance Mechanism:

1. Split-Horizon: It states that if a router receives any update from an interface, then it will not send the same update from that particular interface, in order to prevent loops in the topology. Split-horizon is enable by default on cisco Routers.
2. Rote- Poisoning – whenever, a network goes down on a router, then an update is sent out of all the interface with an infinity metric for that network. Metric=16 in RIP indicates that the route goes down.
3. Hold-Down Timer: Prevent RIP from accepting any new updates for router in a hold-down state, until the hold-down timer expires.

Drawbacks of RIP:

1. It is not a scalable protocol.
2. Slow convergence.
3. It sends periodic update after every 30 sec which result in consumption of link bandwidth.
4. Pin-hole congestion.

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